Loneliness is one of the most common (and most invisible) realities in old age. It often begins gradually, following a loss, a change in routine, or a progressive disconnection from one's surroundings. Although it is not always expressed in words, its effects on the body, mind, and mood are profound. Understanding what causes it and how it manifests is the first step toward better supporting those who are going through it.
Causes of loneliness in older people: Why does it increase with age?
There are many influencing factors:
- Family changes or the loss of loved ones
- Retirement and the shrinking of work or social circles
- Mobility or health issues that make leaving the house difficult
- Less use of technology and new forms of communication
This not only reduces contact with other people but can also decrease motivation, self-esteem, and the sense of daily purpose.
Effects of unwanted loneliness on health
Unwanted loneliness has a real impact on health. Various studies link it to:
- Depression and anxiety: it is associated with a higher risk of developing mood disorders, such as depression and anxiety, negatively affecting quality of life.
- Cognitive decline and dementia: a lack of social interaction and mental activity is associated with more pronounced cognitive decline, including Alzheimer's.
- Cardiovascular diseases: a higher incidence of cardiovascular events, such as heart attacks or strokes, has been observed in people who experience unwanted loneliness.
- Weakening of the immune system: social isolation can increase susceptibility to various diseases.
- Sleep disorders and chronic fatigue: loneliness can cause insomnia and a persistent feeling of fatigue, affecting overall well-being.
- Increased risk of mortality: a Norwegian study conducted by researchers at OsloMet University analyzed data from the NorLAG survey, which tracked 10,000 people over 20 years. The study concluded that loneliness and social isolation increase the risk of premature death by 15%.
That is why it is essential not to normalize or minimize it. Paying attention to the signs can make all the difference.
Ways to reduce unwanted loneliness in daily life
Participating in organized social activities
Joining groups with shared interests (reading, hiking, craft workshops, walking groups, singing...) can be one of the most effective ways to reduce feelings of isolation. Community programs specifically for older people help create bonds with those at similar stages of life.
Creating meaningful routines
Structured routines reduce the feeling of emptiness. Having a schedule with daily or weekly activities (such as walking, cooking, talking on the phone, playing games, reading, or caring for plants) provides structure, purpose, and improves mood. Including moments of enjoyment and relaxation in the routine is just as important.
At Mr. Loris, we have large symbol playing cards so that vision problems don't stop family card games.
Fostering intergenerational connection
Maintaining contact with people of different generations, especially younger family members or neighbors, provides a diversity of stimuli, affection, and a sense of belonging. Family meals, video calls, or joint activities strengthen those bonds and provide emotional companionship.
If family members live far away, it is important to stay connected via phone. For those who are not comfortable with technology, there are adapted smartphones that make use more intuitive while still allowing for the use of social networks like Instagram or WhatsApp.
Stimulating the mind with cognitive activities
Reading, writing, playing memory games, doing puzzles, or learning something new are actions that keep the mind active. In addition to preventing cognitive decline, they promote emotional well-being and can become moments of connection with others if done in a group.
If you want to delve deeper into how to avoid cognitive decline, you can take a look at our blog article How to prevent forgetfulness in older people.
Caring for emotional health
Talking about one's feelings with trusted people or professionals helps lighten the emotional burden of loneliness. Techniques such as guided breathing, mindfulness, or therapeutic writing can be useful to calm anxiety, improve sleep, and connect with oneself through self-care.
Facilitating mobility and autonomy
Being able to leave the house safely encourages social contact. Adapting the environment, using technical aids if needed, or planning weekly outings can make a big difference in the life of someone who spends a lot of time alone. Going to the market, the senior center, or for a short walk already provides benefits.
Often, the fear of falling can cause people to reduce their movement. Solutions such as the airbag belt or a telecare watch help the person gain confidence and feel encouraged to go out more and move with autonomy. In our article How to prevent falls in older people you can find tips on how to prevent them.
